What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition that affects the central part of the retina, known as the macula, in older adults. This leads to central vision loss and distorted vision. It is a progressive disease that can impair daily activities like reading and driving.
How Does AMD Happen?
AMD occurs when the macula, responsible for sharp central vision, begins to deteriorate. This degeneration is primarily due to aging but can also be influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as smoking and diet. Sometimes, new blood vessels also grow in the macula leading to leakage of fluid and blood into the retina, interfering with its functioning. This deterioration and functional impairment causes vision decline.
Types of AMD
Dry AMD
Dry AMD is the most common form, occurring when the macula thins with age and there is loss of certain layers in the rretina. It progresses gradually and leads to central vision blurriness over time.
Wet AMD
Wet AMD is less common but more severe. It develops when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluids, causing rapid vision loss.
Symptoms of AMD
Patients with AMD may experience blurred or distorted vision, difficulty recognizing faces, and dark or empty spots in their central vision. Symptoms progress differently depending on the type of AMD.
Diagnosis of AMD
Ophthalmologists diagnose AMD through comprehensive eye exams, along with retinal imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Early detection is crucial for effective management.
When is Treatment Recommended?
Treatment is recommended based on the type and severity of AMD. While early-stage dry AMD may only require lifestyle changes, wet AMD often necessitates immediate intervention to prevent further vision loss.
Recommended Treatment Options
Treatment options vary between dry and wet AMD. Dry AMD management includes dietary supplements and lifestyle modifications, while wet AMD often requires injections and laser therapy to control abnormal blood vessel growth.
Available Injections for AMD
Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections are commonly used to treat wet AMD. Medications such as Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Brolucizumab, Faricimab and Bevacizumab help reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage.
Process of Getting Injections
The injection process is performed in a clinical setting. After numbing the eye, the doctor administers the injection directly into the vitreous cavity. The procedure is quick, usually taking only a few minutes, with minimal discomfort.
Results of AMD Treatment
While treatment cannot cure AMD, it can significantly slow progression and, in some cases, improve vision. Patients receiving regular injections often maintain better visual acuity.
Preparation and Precautions During Treatment
Before treatment, patients should inform their doctor about any medications or health conditions. During treatment, it is essential to follow the ophthalmologist’s guidance to ensure optimal results.
Precautions After Treatment
After receiving injections, patients may experience mild discomfort or redness. It is important to avoid rubbing the eye and to report any signs of infection or severe pain to the doctor immediately.
Realistic Expectations from AMD Treatment
While treatment can slow AMD progression and sometimes improve vision, complete restoration of lost vision is unlikely. Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment plans are essential for maintaining eye health.
Lifestyle Modifications for AMD Patients
Maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, avoiding smoking, and wearing UV-protective sunglasses can help manage AMD progression. Regular eye check-ups are crucial for monitoring changes.
Conclusion
Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. While there is no cure, there is effective treatment to slow down and sometimes halt the progression of disease. Early detection and timely intervention can help manage symptoms effectively. Staying informed and proactive in treatment can make a significant difference in maintaining vision quality.
Working hours
Need expert care? We are available at the below hours. Schedule your visit today!
MON – SAT
8AM – 10AM
5PM – 8PM
BOOK
MON – SAT
8AM – 10AM
5PM – 8PM
BOOK
Consult Dr. Indira Sarin
Experience excellence in urogynecology care with Rajasthan’s first urogynecologist
Call Us
917725924746
Call Us
917725924746
Call Us
917725924746