🟢 Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG)

This form of glaucoma occurs due to natural anatomical factors inside the eye—there’s no external disease causing the problem. It’s more common in people with certain structural traits like a shallow anterior chamber or narrow drainage angles. It includes several subtypes, each behaving differently:

1. Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma – A Medical Emergency

This is the most dangerous and sudden form of angle closure. This occurs when the eye’s drainage angle, located between the iris and cornea, suddenly closes entirely. This causes a quick and painful rise in eye pressure.

Symptoms you may experience:

• Sudden, intense eye pain
  
  
• Blurred or foggy vision
  
  
• Halos or rainbow-colored rings around lights
  
  
• Redness in the affected eye
  
  
• Severe headache
  
  
• Nausea and vomiting

2. Intermittent Angle Closure Glaucoma

In this form, the angle closes and opens off and on, usually without warning. Some patients may notice symptoms during episodes—especially in low light—while others may remain unaware.

Possible signs during episodes:

• Eye strain or discomfort
  
  
• Temporary blurred vision
  
  
• Halos around lights
  
  
• Headaches, especially in dark environments
  

These intermittent attacks may seem minor but can lead to full blockage if left untreated.

3. Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma

This type is more subtle and develops slowly over time. The drainage pathway narrows slowly over time, often without any initial noticeable signs. Over time, the increasing pressure can silently damage the optic nerve.

If not diagnosed early, chronic angle closure can eventually trigger an acute attack or cause irreversible vision loss.

Regular eye check-ups at our clinic are vital to catch such silent progressions before they cause permanent harm.

🔴 Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma

Unlike the main types, secondary angle closure glaucoma develops because of another existing eye problem or health condition. These conditions disrupt the eye’s internal anatomy or fluid flow, causing the drainage angle to close.

Some common secondary causes we often manage at our clinic include:

• Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to the growth of abnormal blood vessels inside the eye. These vessels may block fluid outflow, raising eye pressure.
  
  
• Vascular Eye Diseases: Conditions like central retinal vein occlusion can cause swelling or bleeding, contributing to angle closure.
  
  
• Uveitis (Eye Inflammation): Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue swelling or scar formation that interferes with the eye’s drainage system.
  
  
• Ocular Trauma or Surgery: Past injuries, infections, or surgical complications may create membranes or adhesions that physically block the angle.